Zurfafa fahimtar tsarin samar da corundum foda mai launin ruwan kasa
Tsaye mita uku daga tanderun baka na lantarki, zafin zafin da aka nannade cikin kamshin ƙonawa ya buge ku a fuska - slurry bauxite a sama da digiri 2200 a cikin tanderun yana mirgina tare da kumfa ja na zinariya. Dattijon maigidan Lao Li ya goge guminsa ya ce: “Duba? Idan abin ya zama babban felu ɗaya ƙasa da gawayi, zafin tanderun zai ragu da digiri 30, kumalaunin ruwan kasa corundum wanda ke fitowa zai yi tagumi kamar biskit.” Wannan tukunyar tafasa "karfe narkakkar" shine wuri na farko da aka haifi foda mai launin ruwan kasa.
1. Narkar da: Aikin da ake yi na ɗaukar "jade" daga wuta
Kalmar "m" an zana shi a cikin kasusuwan corundum mai launin ruwan kasa, kuma wannan halin yana da ladabi a cikin wutar lantarki:
Sinadaran kamar magani: bauxite tushe (Al₂O₃> 85%), anthracite rage wakili, da kuma baƙin ƙarfe filin dole ne a yayyafa shi a matsayin "matchmaker" - ba tare da shi don taimakawa tare da narkewa ba, ba za a iya tsabtace silicates na ƙazanta ba. Adadin littattafan tsofaffin masana'antu a lardin Henan duk sun ƙare: "Yawan gawayi yana nufin babban carbon da baƙar fata, yayin da ƙananan ƙarfe yana nufin kauri mai kauri da haɓaka"
Sirrin tanderun da aka karkata: Jikin tanderun yana karkatar da shi a kusurwar digiri 15 don ba da damar narke ya ɓata ta halitta, kasan Layer na alumina mai tsafta yana kristal zuwa corundum mai launin ruwan kasa, kuma babban Layer na ferrosilicon slag an kwashe shi. Tsohon maigidan ya yi amfani da dogon lokaci don buga tashar jirgin ruwa, kuma ɗigon ruwa da aka fesa ya sanyaya kuma sashin giciye ya kasance launin ruwan kasa: "Wannan launi daidai ne! Hasken shuɗi yana nuna cewa titanium yana da girma, kuma launin toka yana nufin cewa ba a cire silicon gaba ɗaya ba."
Saurin kwantar da hankali yana ƙayyade sakamakon: an zubar da narke a cikin rami mai zurfi kuma an zuba shi da ruwan sanyi don "fashe" a cikin guda, kuma tururin ruwa yana yin sautin popcorn-kamar fashewa. Saurin sanyaya yana kulle lahani na lattice, kuma taurin shine 30% mafi girma fiye da na sanyaya na halitta - kamar kashe takobi, maɓallin yana "sauri"
2. Crushing da gyare-gyare: fasahar tsara “masu tauri”
Tauri na toshe corundum mai launin ruwan kasa daga cikin tanda yana kusa da nalu'u-lu'u. Yana ɗaukar matsala mai yawa don mayar da shi zuwa matakin "fitaccen soja" na micron:
A m bude na muƙamuƙi crusher
Farantin muƙamuƙi na hydraulic “crunches” da shinge mai girman kwando ya karye zuwa goro. Ma'aikacin ma'aikacin kamfanin Xiao Zhang ya nuna hoton allo inda ya koka da cewa: "Lokacin da ya gabata an hada wani bulo mai hana ruwa gudu, kuma farantin muƙamuƙi ya karya gibi.
Canji a cikin injin ball
Ƙwallon ƙwallon da aka yi jeri da ƙwalƙwalwar dutse, kuma ƙwallayen ƙarfe sun bugi shingen kamar ƴan rawa masu tashin hankali. Bayan sa'o'i 24 na ci gaba da niƙa, ruwan hoda mai duhun launin ruwan kasa ya fito daga tashar fitarwa. "Akwai dabara a nan," ma'aikacin ya matsa a kan kwamitin sarrafawa: "Idan gudun ya wuce 35 rpm, za a yi barbashi cikin allura; idan bai wuce 28 rpm ba, gefuna za su yi kaifi sosai."
Barmac Plastic Surgery
Layin samarwa mai tsayi yana nuna katin ƙaho - Barmac tsaye shaft tasiri crusher. An murkushe kayan ta hanyar karo da kai a ƙarƙashin tuƙi na rotor mai sauri, kuma ƙaramin foda da aka samar yana da zagaye kamar tsakuwar kogi. Wani masana'anta na niƙa a lardin Zhejiang wanda aka auna: don ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙananan foda, hanyar gargajiya tana da girma mai yawa na 1.75g/cm³, yayin da hanyar Barmac tana da girma mai girma na 1.92g/cm³! Mista Li ya murɗe samfurin ya yi nishi: “A da, masana’antar niƙa ta kan yi kuka game da rashin ruwa na foda, amma yanzu tana korafin cewa saurin cikawa yana da sauri don ci gaba.”
3. Grading da tsarkakewa: ainihin farauta a cikin duniyar microns
Rarraba barbashi 1/10 na kaurin gashi zuwa maki daban-daban yaƙi ne na ruhin tsari:
Asiri na rarraba iska
0.7MPa matsa iska ruguza cikin rarrabuwa jam'iyya da foda, da impeller gudun kayyade "layin shigar": 8000 rpm fuska fita W40 (40μm), da 12000 rpm intercepts W10 (10μm). "Na fi jin tsoron zafi mai yawa", darektan bitar ya yi nuni ga hasumiya na kawar da humidation: "A watan da ya gabata, na'urar na'urar ta yoyo fluorine, kuma micro foda ya toshe kuma ya toshe bututun. Ya ɗauki sau uku don tsaftace shi."
Wuka mai laushi na rarrabuwar ruwa
Don foda na ultrafine da ke ƙasa W5, kwararar ruwa ya zama matsakaicin rarrabuwa. Ruwa mai tsabta a cikin bokitin grading yana ɗaga foda mai kyau a saurin gudu na 0.5m/s, kuma ƙananan barbashi sun fara farawa. Ma'aikacin yana kallon mitar turbidity: "Idan yawan gudu ya kasance 0.1m / s da sauri, rabin W3 foda zai tsere; idan ya kasance 0.1m / s a hankali, W10 zai haɗu kuma ya haifar da matsala."
Yakin sirri na rabuwar maganadisu da cire baƙin ƙarfe
Ƙaƙƙarfan abin nadi na maganadisu yana ɗauke da faifan ƙarfe tare da ƙarfin tsotsa na gauss 12,000, amma ba shi da ƙarfi a kan tabo da baƙin ƙarfe oxide. Dabarar masana'antar Shandong ita ce: kafin a jiƙa da oxalic acid kafin a datse, canza Fe₂O₃ mai wahala zuwa oxalate mai narkewa, kuma ƙarancin ƙarfe yana raguwa daga 0.8% zuwa 0.15%
4. Pickling da calcining: "sake haifuwa" na abrasives
Idan kana solaunin ruwan kasa corundum micropowderdon jure gwajin a cikin injin niƙa mai zafin jiki, dole ne ku wuce gwajin rayuwa da mutuwa guda biyu:
Yaren acid-base na pickling
Kumfa a cikin tanki na hydrochloric acid yana ƙaruwa don narkar da ƙazantattun ƙarfe, kuma kulawa da hankali kamar tafiya ne akan igiya mai ƙarfi: ƙasa da 15% ba zai iya tsaftace tsatsa ba, kuma fiye da 22% yana lalata jikin alumina. Lao Li ya rike takardan gwajin PH don ba da gogewa: "Lokacin da za a kawar da ruwa tare da wanke alkaline, dole ne ku tsunkule PH=7.5 daidai.
Yanayin zafin jiki na calcination
Bayan calcination a 1450 ℃ / 6 hours a cikin rotary kiln, ilmenite najasa bazu zuwa rutile lokaci, da zafi juriya na micropowder soars da 300 ℃. Duk da haka, saboda tsufa na thermocouple na wani masana'anta, ainihin zafin jiki ya wuce 1550 ℃, kuma duk micro powders da suka fito daga cikin tanderun sun zama "kullun sesame" - ton 30 na kayan da aka kwashe kai tsaye, kuma darektan masana'antar ya damu sosai har ya buga ƙafafunsa.
Ƙarshe: Ƙwararrun masana'antu tsakanin millimeters
A cikin wannan bitar na magriba, injinan na ci gaba da ruri. Lao Li ya kawar da ƙurar da ke jikin tufafin aikinsa ya ce: "Bayan na yi aiki a wannan masana'antar tsawon shekaru 30, a ƙarshe na fahimci cewa kyawawan ƙwayoyin foda suna 'mai tace kashi 70% da kuma 30% na rayuwa' - sinadaran su ne ginshiƙi, murƙushewa ya dogara da fahimta, kuma ƙididdigewa ya dogara da hankali." Daga bauxite zuwa nano-sikelin micro powders, fasaha ci gaban ko da yaushe yakan faru a kusa da uku cibiyoyin: tsarki (pickling da ƙazanta kau), ilimin halittar jiki (Barmac siffata), da kuma barbashi size (daidai grading).