Fahimci sosai yadda ake samar da foda mai launin ruwan kasa na corundum
Tsaye mita uku daga tanderun wutar lantarki, raƙuman zafi da aka naɗe da ƙamshin ƙarfe da aka ƙone sun buge ka a fuska - ruwan bauxite a sama da digiri 2200 a cikin tanderun yana birgima da kumfa ja mai launin zinari. Tsohon shugaban Lao Li ya goge guminsa ya ce: "Ka gani? Idan kayan ya yi shebur ɗaya ƙasa da gawayi, zafin tanderun zai ragu da digiri 30, kuma zafin tanderun zai ragu da digiri 30, kumacorundum mai launin ruwan kasa wanda ya fito zai yi rauni kamar biskit.” Wannan tukunyar tafasasshen ƙarfe mai “narkewa” ita ce wurin farko na haihuwar foda mai launin ruwan kasa.
1. Narkewa: Aiki mai wahala na ɗaukar "jade" daga wuta
An zana kalmar "mai tsanani" a cikin ƙasusuwan corundum mai launin ruwan kasa, kuma wannan halin an inganta shi a cikin tanderun wutar lantarki:
Sinadaran suna kama da magani: tushen bauxite (Al₂O₃>85%), sinadarin rage anthracite, da kuma ƙarfe dole ne a yayyafa su a matsayin "mai haɗa kai" - ba tare da shi don taimakawa wajen narkewa ba, ba za a iya tsaftace ƙazanta silicates ba. Littattafan da suka yi daidai da tsoffin masana'antu a Lardin Henan duk sun tsufa: "Yawancin kwal yana nufin yawan carbon da baƙi, yayin da ƙarancin ƙarfe yana nufin kauri da taruwa"
Sirrin murhun da aka karkatar: An karkatar da jikin murhun a kusurwar digiri 15 don barin narkewar ta zama ta halitta, ƙasan alumina mai tsabta ya zama corundum mai launin ruwan kasa, kuma saman saman ferrosilicon slag an kwashe shi. Tsohon maigida ya yi amfani da dogon pick don huda tashar samfurin, kuma ɗigon narkakken da aka fesa ya yi sanyi kuma sashin giciye ya yi launin ruwan kasa mai duhu: "Wannan launin daidai ne! Hasken shuɗi yana nuna cewa titanium yana da tsayi, kuma hasken launin toka yana nufin cewa ba a cire silicon gaba ɗaya ba"
Sanyaya cikin sauri yana ƙayyade sakamakon: ana zuba narkewar a cikin rami mai zurfi sannan a zuba ruwan sanyi don ya "fashe" ya zama gunduwa-gunduwa, kuma tururin ruwa yana yin sautin kamar popcorn. Sanyaya cikin sauri yana kulle lahani na lattice, kuma tauri yana da kashi 30% fiye da na sanyaya ta halitta - kamar kashe takobi, maɓallin shine "sauri"
2. Murkushewa da kuma siffantawa: fasahar siffanta "mutane masu tauri"
Taurin toshewar corundum mai launin ruwan kasa da ke fitowa daga tanda ya yi kusa da nalu'u-lu'uYana buƙatar wahala sosai a mayar da shi "soja mai ƙarfi" na matakin micron:
Buɗewar na'urar niƙa muƙamuƙi mai ƙarfi
Farantin muƙamuƙin hydraulic yana "ƙara" kuma tubalin girman ƙwallon kwando ya fashe ya zama goro. Mai aiki Xiao Zhang ya nuna allon ya yi korafi: "A karo na ƙarshe an haɗa tubalin da ba ya aiki, kuma farantin muƙamuƙin ya fashe. Ƙungiyar masu gyara sun bi ni suka yi mini tsawa na tsawon kwana uku."
Sauyin da aka samu a injin niƙa ƙwallon ƙafa
Injin niƙa mai cike da ƙarar dutse, ƙwallon ƙarfe kuma ya bugi tubalan kamar masu rawa masu ƙarfi. Bayan sa'o'i 24 na niƙa akai-akai, foda mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ya fito daga tashar fitar da iska. "Akwai wata dabara a nan," in ji ma'aikacin fasaha a kan sashin sarrafawa: "Idan gudun ya wuce rpm 35, za a niƙa ƙwayoyin zuwa allurai; idan ƙasa da rpm 28 ne, gefuna za su yi kaifi sosai."
Tiyatar Roba ta Barmac
Layin samar da kayayyaki mai tsayi yana nuna babban ƙarfinsa - na'urar niƙa ta Barmac mai tsayi. Ana murƙushe kayan ta hanyar karo da kai a ƙarƙashin tuƙin rotor mai sauri, kuma ƙaramin foda da aka samar yana da zagaye kamar duwatsun kogi. An auna masana'antar niƙa a lardin Zhejiang: don irin wannan ƙayyadaddun foda na gargajiya, hanyar gargajiya tana da yawan yawa na 1.75g/cm³, yayin da hanyar Barmac tana da yawan yawa na 1.92g/cm³! Mr. Li ya murƙushe samfurin ya yi ajiyar zuciya: "A da, masana'antar niƙa koyaushe tana korafi game da ƙarancin ruwa na foda, amma yanzu tana korafin cewa saurin cikawa yana da sauri sosai don ci gaba da aiki."
3. Rarrabawa da tsarkakewa: farauta daidai a duniyar microns
Rarraba ƙwayoyin 1/10 na kauri gashi zuwa matakai daban-daban yaƙi ne na ruhin aikin:
Sirrin rarrabuwar kwararar iska
Iska mai matsewa 0.7MPa tana shiga ɗakin rarrabuwa da foda, kuma saurin impeller yana ƙayyade "layin shiga": allon rpm 8000 yana fitar da W40 (40μm), kuma rpm 12000 yana katse W10 (10μm). "Ina jin tsoron danshi mai yawa", darektan bitar ya nuna hasumiyar cire danshi: "A watan da ya gabata, na'urar sanyaya danshi ta zubar da fluorine, kuma ƙananan foda sun taru suka toshe bututun. Ya ɗauki sau uku don tsaftace shi."
Wuka mai laushi na rarrabuwar hydraulic
Ga foda mai laushi ƙasa da W5, kwararar ruwa ta zama hanyar rarrabuwa. Ruwan tsafta da ke cikin bokitin tantancewa yana ɗaga foda mai laushi a saurin kwarara na 0.5m/s, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta masu kauri sun fara zama. Mai aiki ya kalli mitar turbidity: "Idan saurin kwarara ya fi 0.1m/s sauri, rabin foda na W3 zai tsere; idan ya yi jinkiri da 0.1m/s, W10 zai haɗu ya haifar da matsala."
Yaƙin sirri na rabuwar maganadisu da cire ƙarfe
Ƙarfin na'urar maganadisu tana cire filings ɗin ƙarfe da ƙarfin tsotsar gauss 12,000, amma ba ta da ƙarfi a kan tabo na ƙarfen oxide. Dabarar masana'antar Shandong ita ce: a jiƙa da oxalic acid kafin a yi tsinken, a mayar da Fe₂O₃ mai wahala zuwa oxalate mai narkewa, kuma ƙazantawar ƙarfen ta ragu daga 0.8% zuwa 0.15%.
4. Pickling da calcining: "sake haihuwa" na abrasives
Idan kana sofoda mai launin ruwan kasa na corundumDomin a yi gwajin a cikin motar niƙa mai zafi sosai, dole ne a yi gwaje-gwajen rayuwa da mutuwa guda biyu:
Tsarin girke-girke na acid-tushen dialectics
Kumfa a cikin tankin hydrochloric acid yana ƙaruwa don narkar da ƙazanta na ƙarfe, kuma sarrafa yawan abu kamar tafiya a kan igiya mai ɗaurewa ne: ƙasa da kashi 15% ba zai iya tsaftace tsatsa ba, kuma fiye da kashi 22% yana lalata jikin alumina. Lao Li ya ɗaga takardar gwajin PH don ba da ƙwarewa: "Lokacin da ake yin maganin alkaline, dole ne a matse PH=7.5 daidai. Acid zai haifar da ƙonewa a kan lu'ulu'u, kuma alkaline zai sa saman ƙwayoyin su zama foda."
Tambayoyin zafin jiki na calcination
Bayan an yi amfani da sinadarin calcination a zafin 1450℃/awanni 6 a cikin murhun juyawa, ƙazanta na ilmenite suna ruɓewa zuwa matakin rutile, kuma juriyar zafi na micropowder yana tashi da 300℃. Duk da haka, saboda tsufar thermocouple na wani masana'anta, ainihin zafin ya wuce 1550℃, kuma duk ƙananan foda da suka fito daga cikin tanda an narkar da su cikin "kek ɗin sesame" - an share tan 30 na kayan kai tsaye, kuma darektan masana'antar ya damu sosai har ya buga ƙafafunsa.
Kammalawa: Tsarin masana'antu tsakanin millimeters
A cikin shagon gyaran gashi, injinan har yanzu suna ruri. Lao Li ya goge ƙurar da ke kan tufafin aikinsa ya ce: "Bayan na yi aiki a wannan masana'antar tsawon shekaru 30, a ƙarshe na fahimci cewa kyawawan ƙananan foda suna 'ƙarfafa kashi 70% kuma suna rayuwa kashi 30%' - sinadaran sune ginshiƙin, niƙawa ya dogara ne akan fahimta, kuma ƙididdigewa ya dogara ne akan kulawa." Daga bauxite zuwa ƙananan foda na nano, ci gaban fasaha koyaushe yana ta'allaka ne akan cibiyoyi uku: tsarki (cire ɗanɗano da ƙazanta), yanayin jiki (siffar barmac), da girman barbashi (ƙididdigar daidai).