Lu'u-lu'u mai "sassaka" na Laser: cin nasara mafi wahalar abu tare da haske
Lu'u-lu'ushine abu mafi wahala a yanayi, amma ba kayan ado kawai ba ne. Wannan kayan yana da saurin jure zafi sau biyar fiye da jan ƙarfe, yana iya jure zafi mai tsanani da hasken rana, yana iya watsa haske, yana rufewa, har ma ana iya canza shi zuwa semiconductor. Duk da haka, waɗannan "masu iko" ne suka sanya lu'u-lu'u abu "mafi wahalar" sarrafawa - kayan aikin gargajiya ko dai ba za su iya yanke shi ko barin tsagewa ba. Sai da zuwan fasahar laser ne mutane suka sami mabuɗin cin nasara akan wannan "sarkin kayan".
Me yasa laser zai iya "yanke" lu'u-lu'u?
Ka yi tunanin amfani da gilashin ƙara girman haske don haskaka hasken rana don kunna takarda. Ka'idar sarrafa lu'u-lu'u ta laser iri ɗaya ce, amma ta fi daidai. Lokacin da hasken laser mai ƙarfi ya haskaka lu'u-lu'u, ƙaramin "ƙaramin ƙwayar carbon atom" yana faruwa:
1. Lu'u-lu'u yana canzawa zuwa graphite: Ƙarfin laser yana canza tsarin lu'u-lu'u na saman (sp³) zuwa graphite mai laushi (sp²), kamar lu'u-lu'u nan take ya "lalacewa" ya zama gubar fensir.
2. Graphite yana "ƙafewa": layin graphite yana yin ƙasa a yanayin zafi mai yawa ko kuma iskar oxygen ta ƙera shi, yana barin alamun sarrafawa daidai. 3. Babban ci gaba: lahani A ka'ida, ana iya sarrafa cikakken lu'u-lu'u ta hanyar laser ultraviolet (tsawon raƙuman ruwa <229 nm), amma a zahiri, lu'u-lu'u na wucin gadi koyaushe suna da ƙananan lahani (kamar ƙazanta da iyakokin hatsi). Waɗannan lahani suna kama da "ramuka" waɗanda ke ba da damar shan hasken kore na yau da kullun (532 nm) ko laser infrared (1064 nm). Masana kimiyya ma za su iya "umartar" laser ɗin ya sassaka wani takamaiman tsari akan lu'u-lu'u ta hanyar daidaita rarraba lahani.
Nau'in Laser: Juyin Halitta daga "wutar wuta" zuwa "wukar ƙanƙara"
Tsarin sarrafa laser ya haɗa da tsarin sarrafa lambobi na kwamfuta, tsarin gani na zamani, da kuma matsayi mai inganci da atomatik don samar da cibiyar sarrafa bincike da samarwa. Ana amfani da shi wajen sarrafa lu'u-lu'u, yana iya cimma ingantaccen sarrafawa da inganci.
1. Sarrafa Laser na Microsecond. Faɗin bugun Laser na Microsecond yana da faɗi kuma yawanci ya dace da sarrafa abubuwa masu tsauri. Kafin fitowar fasahar kulle yanayi, bugun Laser galibi yana cikin kewayon microsecond da nanosecond. A halin yanzu, akwai rahotanni kaɗan kan sarrafa lu'u-lu'u kai tsaye tare da laser na microsecond, kuma yawancinsu suna mai da hankali kan filin aikace-aikacen sarrafa abubuwa na baya.
2. Sarrafa Laser na Nanosecond Lasers na Nanosecond a halin yanzu suna da babban kaso na kasuwa kuma suna da fa'idodin kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, ƙarancin farashi, da ɗan gajeren lokacin sarrafawa. Ana amfani da su sosai a cikin samar da kamfanoni. Duk da haka, tsarin cire laser na nanosecond yana lalata samfurin a yanayin zafi, kuma bayyanar macroscopic shine cewa sarrafawa yana samar da babban yanki da zafi ya shafa.
3. Sarrafa Laser na Picosecond Sarrafa Laser na Picosecond yana tsakanin nanosecond thermal equation ablation da femtosecond laser cold processing. Tsawon lokacin bugun jini yana raguwa sosai, wanda hakan ke rage barnar da yankin da zafi ya shafa ya haifar sosai.
4. Sarrafa Laser na Femtosecond Fasahar laser mai sauri ta Ultrafast tana kawo damammaki don sarrafa lu'u-lu'u mai kyau, amma tsada da farashin kulawa na laser na femtosecond suna iyakance haɓaka hanyoyin sarrafawa. A halin yanzu, yawancin bincike masu alaƙa suna nan a matakin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Kammalawa
Fasahar laser ta samo asali ne daga "rashin yankewa" zuwa "sassaka yadda ake so"lu'u-lu'u Ba yanzu "tukunya" da aka makale a dakin gwaje-gwaje ba. Tare da ci gaban fasaha, a nan gaba za mu iya gani: guntun lu'u-lu'u suna watsa zafi a cikin wayoyin hannu, kwamfutocin quantum suna amfani da lu'u-lu'u don adana bayanai, har ma da na'urorin auna yanayin lu'u-lu'u da aka dasa a jikin ɗan adam… Wannan rawa ta haske da lu'u-lu'u tana canza rayuwarmu.