Idan muka yi magana game da sararin samaniya, abin da ke zuwa a raina shi ne rokoki masu ƙarfi, jiragen yaƙi masu tashi sama, ko kuma 'yan sama jannati suna tafiya a sararin samaniya. Amma ƙila ba za ku fahimci cewa a bayan wannan kayan aiki na zamani ba, ƙaramin foda mai launin ruwan kasa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa -alumina mai launin ruwan kasaƙananan foda. Sunan na iya yin kama da ba shi da wani amfani, amma kada ku raina shi. Alumina mai launin ruwan kasa da aka haɗa a zahiri wani nau'in abin da muke kira "emery," wanda ke da tauri fiye da lu'u-lu'u, amma a farashi mai araha. A shekarun baya, galibi ana amfani da shi don niƙa ƙarfe a kan ƙafafun niƙa da takarda mai yashi, yana aiki a matsayin abin aiki a fagen masana'antu. Amma wannan kayan mai sauƙi kuma mara misaltuwa yanzu yana ba da gudummawa mai ban mamaki a matakin "fasahar zamani" na sararin samaniya.
Sauyi Mai Kyau Daga "Grindstone" Zuwa "Kariyar Kariya"
Kayan sararin samaniya suna fifita "sauƙi" da "ƙarfi." Fikafikai suna buƙatar haske don tashi sama da nesa; jirgin saman yana buƙatar ƙarfi don jure sanyi mai tsanani a wurare masu tsayi, gogayya mai ƙarfi lokacin karya shingen sauti, da kuma yanayin zafi mai ban tsoro a cikin injin. Wannan yana sanya buƙatu masu tsauri a saman kayan. Nan ne inda ake samun buƙatu masu tsauri.foda mai launin ruwan kasa da aka haɗa da aluminaAn shigo. Injiniyoyi sun gano cewa ta hanyar amfani da fasahar feshi mai sauri don "walƙiya mai sanyi" wannan ƙaramin foda a kan muhimman sassa kamar ruwan turbine da bangon ɗakin konewa, za su iya samar da "sulke na yumbu" wanda ya fi ƙusa siriri amma mai ƙarfi sosai. Duk da siririnsa, wannan Layer na kariya yana tsawaita rayuwar ruwan wukake sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin iskar gas mai zafi digiri 1600 Celsius. "Yana kama da ba wa zuciyar injin 'rigar mai hana harsashi'," in ji wani ƙwararren injiniya wanda ya yi aiki a masana'antar injin tsawon shekaru ashirin. "A baya, dole ne a maye gurbin ruwan wukake bayan wani lokaci na amfani, amma yanzu suna iya daɗewa sosai, ta halitta suna inganta aminci da ingancin tattalin arzikin jirgin."
Aikace-aikace Masu Yawa, Daga Sama Zuwa Ƙasa
Ƙarfin ƙananan foda na alumina mai launin ruwan kasa ya wuce injuna kawai.
Bari mu fara da jiragen sama. Jiragen fasinja na zamani da jiragen yaƙi suna amfani da kayan haɗin gwiwa sosai, kamar zare na carbon. Wannan kayan yana da nauyi kuma yana da ƙarfi, amma yana da matsala: wuraren da aka haɗa kayan daban-daban suna da saurin lalacewa. Mafita? Kafin haɗawa, saman haɗin gwiwa ana "ƙara" ta amfani da slurry mai ƙarfi mai iska wanda ke ɗauke da foda mai launin ruwan kasa na alumina. Wannan ba wai kawai ƙara ƙarfi ba ne; yana ƙirƙirar maki marasa adadi a matakin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, yana ba da damar manne ya "riƙe" da ƙarfi. Wannan maganin yana inganta juriyar gajiya na haɗin fuka-fuki da fiye da kashi 30%.
Yanzu yi la'akari da sararin samaniya. Lokacin da rokoki ke ratsa sararin samaniya, mazubin hanci da gefunan fikafikai suna fuskantar wahalar "lalata mai zafi." A nan, ƙaramin foda mai launin ruwan kasa na alumina ya tabbatar da ingancinsa ta wata hanya - ana amfani da shi azaman ƙwayar ƙarfafawa ta tsakiya wajen shirya murfin hana oxidation. Ƙara shi a cikin murfin yumbu na musamman da fesa shi a saman abubuwan da ke jure zafi, wannan fim ɗin yana samar da wani kauri mai kauri na oxide a yanayin zafi mai yawa, yana toshe kutsewar iskar oxygen daga baya kuma yana kare kayan ciki daga ablation. Ba tare da shi ba, yawancin jiragen sama da ke sake shiga sararin samaniya da wataƙila ba za su "zama ba a gane su ba."
Ana iya samunsa har ma a tauraron dan adam da tashoshin sararin samaniya. Bearings da sassan motsi na wasu kayan aikin daidai suna buƙatar kiyaye aiki mai inganci na dogon lokaci a cikin injin tsabtace iska da ƙarancin yanayin zafi na sararin samaniya. Bearings na yumbu waɗanda aka goge da kyau tare da ƙaramin foda na alumina mai launin ruwan kasa suna da ƙarancin haɗin gwiwa kuma suna samar da kusan babu tarkace, wanda ya zama "tabbacin" wanda ke tabbatar da dorewar aikin waɗannan abubuwan na tsawon shekaru goma ko ashirin a cikin kewayawa.
"Tsohon Abu" Ya Cimma Kalubalen "Sabuwar Hikima"
Ba shakka, amfani da wannan "tsohon abu" a cikin mawuyacin yanayi na sararin samaniya ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba kamar kawai kawo goge-goge daga masana'anta. Akwai matsaloli da yawa da ke tattare da hakan.
Babban ƙalubalen shine "tsarki" da "daidaituwa." Ana buƙatar ƙaramin foda mai launin ruwan kasa na alumina donaikace-aikacen sararin samaniyadole ne ya kasance mai tsarki sosai, kusan babu ƙazanta gaba ɗaya, domin duk wani abu da ba a so zai iya zama wurin fara fashewa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai yawa ko yanayin zafi mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, girman ƙwayoyin dole ne su kasance iri ɗaya; in ba haka ba, rufin zai sami rauni. "Wannan kamar yin kek ne mai girma; ba wai kawai kuna buƙatar mafi kyawun sinadarai ba, har ma dole ne a tace fulawar sosai da daidai," in ji wani injiniyan kula da ingancin kayan aiki. "Tsarin tantancewa da tsarkakewa ya fi tsauri fiye da buƙatun ɗakin girkin otal mai tauraro biyar."
Bugu da ƙari, yadda ake "shafa" wannan foda a cikin sassan shi ma kimiyya ce mai rikitarwa. Fasaha mafi ci gaba a halin yanzu ita ce fesa harshen wuta mai ƙarfi, wanda ke ba da damar ƙwayoyin ƙananan foda su yi tasiri ga substrate sau da yawa saurin sauti, wanda ke haifar da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi da kuma rufin da ya fi kauri.
Makomar sararin samaniya tana buƙatar irin wannan "ƙarfi."
Yayin da fasahar sararin samaniya ke ci gaba zuwa mafi girma, sauri, da kuma iyaka mai nisa, buƙatun kayan aiki za su ƙara zama masu tsauri. Jiragen sama masu ƙarfi, jiragen sama masu amfani da su, na'urorin bincike na sararin samaniya masu zurfi… waɗannan taurarin nan gaba duk sun dogara ne da kariya mai tsanani.
Ci gabanfoda mai launin ruwan kasa na corundumyana kuma tafiya zuwa ga wata hanya mai wayo da haɗaka. Misali, masana kimiyya suna ƙoƙarin "shafa" shi da wasu abubuwa, ko haɗa shi da sabbin abubuwa kamar graphene. Manufar ba wai kawai ita ce juriya ga yanayin zafi mai yawa ba, har ma da ikon jin lalacewa cikin hikima har ma da gyara kansa a wasu yanayin zafi. Tsarin kariya na gaba na injunan iska da tsarin kariya na zafin jiki na sararin samaniya zai yi amfani da wannan nau'in murfin "mai wayo".
Labarin ƙananan foda mai launin ruwan kasa na corundum wani ƙaramin abu ne na kayan masana'antu da yawa na ƙasar Sin: an haife shi daga asali masu sauƙi, amma yana samun rawar da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba ta hanyar ci gaba da inganta fasaha. Wataƙila ba zai yi kyau kamar ƙarfe mai ƙarfe na titanium ba, kuma ba zai yi kyau kamar carbon fiber ba, amma wannan "ƙarfin" shiru, a bayan fage ne ke tallafawa mafarkin ɗan adam na tashi, ya ratsa sararin samaniya ya kuma tashi zuwa zurfin sararin samaniya.
Idan muka kalli sararin samaniya mai taurari muka yi murna don kowace nasarar harbawa, wataƙila za mu iya tuna cewa a ƙarƙashin wannan walƙiyar ƙarfe mai haske, akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin launin ruwan kasa marasa adadi da ke haskaka ƙarfinsu a hankali.