Bayyana keɓantattun halaye da yuwuwar amfani da micropowder na silicon carbide mai kore
A fannin kayan fasaha na zamani, ƙananan ƙwayoyin silicon carbide masu launin kore suna zama abin da ake mayar da hankali a kai a cikin al'ummar kimiyyar kayan aiki tare da keɓantattun kaddarorin jiki da sinadarai. Wannan mahaɗin da ya ƙunshi abubuwan carbon da silicon ya nuna fa'idodi masu yawa na amfani a fannoni da yawa na masana'antu saboda tsarin kristal na musamman da kyakkyawan aiki. Wannan labarin zai bincika cikin zurfin halaye na musamman na ƙananan ƙwayoyin silicon carbide masu launin kore da kuma yuwuwar amfani da su a fannoni daban-daban.
1. Halayen asali na micropowder mai launin kore na silicon carbide
Carbide mai launin kore na silicon (SiC) abu ne mai tauri sosai kuma yana cikin mahaɗin haɗin covalent. Tsarin lu'ulu'unsa yana gabatar da tsarin hexagonal tare da tsari mai kama da lu'u-lu'u. Micropowder na silicon mai launin kore yawanci yana nufin samfuran foda waɗanda girman barbashi ya kai microns 0.1-100, kuma launinsa yana gabatar da launuka iri-iri daga kore mai haske zuwa kore mai duhu saboda bambancin tsarki da rashin tsarki.
Daga tsarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta, kowace ƙwayar silicon a cikin lu'ulu'u mai launin kore na silicon carbide tana samar da daidaituwar tetrahedral tare da ƙwayoyin carbon guda huɗu. Wannan tsarin haɗin covalent mai ƙarfi yana ba wa kayan tauri mai matuƙar ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai. Ya kamata a lura cewa taurin Mohs na ƙwayar silicon carbide mai launin kore ya kai 9.2-9.3, wanda ya biyo bayan lu'u-lu'u da nitride mai siffar cubic boron, wanda hakan ya sa ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba a fannin abrasives.
2. Halaye na musamman na micropowder na silicon carbide kore
1. Kyakkyawan halayen injiniya
Mafi kyawun fasalin micropowder mai launin kore shine ƙarfinsa mai girma. Taurin Vickers ɗinsa na iya kaiwa 2800-3300kg/mm², wanda ke sa ya yi aiki da kyau lokacin sarrafa kayan tauri. A lokaci guda, carbide mai launin kore kuma yana da ƙarfin matsewa mai kyau kuma har yanzu yana iya riƙe ƙarfin injina mai girma a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Wannan fasalin yana ba da damar amfani da shi a cikin yanayi mai tsauri.
2. Kyakkyawan halayen zafi
Tsarin watsa zafi na silikon kore yana da girman 120-200W/(m·K), wanda ya ninka na ƙarfe na yau da kullun sau 3-5. Wannan kyakkyawan watsa zafi yana sanya shi kayan watsa zafi mai kyau. Abin da ya fi ban mamaki shi ne cewa yawan faɗaɗa zafi na silikon kore yana da 4.0×10⁻⁶/℃ kawai, wanda ke nufin yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na girma lokacin da zafin jiki ya canza, kuma ba zai haifar da nakasa a bayyane ba saboda faɗaɗa da matsewar zafi.
3. Ingantaccen daidaiton sinadarai
Dangane da halayen sinadarai, sinadarin silicon mai launin kore yana nuna ƙarfin rashin aiki sosai. Yana iya tsayayya da tsatsa na yawancin sinadaran acid, alkalis da gishiri, kuma yana iya kasancewa cikin kwanciyar hankali ko da a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa sinadarin silicon mai launin kore har yanzu yana iya kiyaye kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali a yanayin iskar oxygen da ke ƙasa da 1000℃, wanda hakan ke sa ya zama da amfani na dogon lokaci a cikin muhallin da ke lalata iska.
4. Halayen lantarki na musamman
Carbide mai launin kore na silicon wani abu ne mai faɗi da faɗin bandgap na 3.0eV, wanda ya fi girma fiye da 1.1eV na silicon. Wannan fasalin yana ba shi damar jure wa ƙarfin lantarki da yanayin zafi mafi girma, kuma yana da fa'idodi na musamman a fannin na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, carbide mai launin kore na silicon yana da babban motsi na lantarki, wanda ke ba da damar ƙirƙirar na'urori masu yawan mita.
3. Tsarin shiri na micropowder na silicon carbide kore
Shirya micropowder na silicon mai launin kore galibi yana ɗaukar tsarin Acheson. Wannan hanyar tana haɗa yashi na quartz da petroleum coke a wani rabo kuma tana dumama su zuwa 2000-2500℃ a cikin tanda mai juriya don amsawa. Carbide mai launin kore mai toshewa wanda amsawar ke samarwa yana fuskantar matakai kamar niƙa, rarrabawa, da kuma tsintsa don samun samfuran micropowder masu girman barbashi daban-daban.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da ci gaban fasaha, wasu sabbin hanyoyin shiri sun bayyana. Tacewar tururin sinadarai (CVD) na iya shirya foda na silicon carbide mai girman gaske mai girman nano; hanyar sol-gel na iya sarrafa girman barbashi da yanayin foda daidai; hanyar plasma na iya cimma ci gaba da samarwa da inganta ingancin samarwa. Waɗannan sabbin hanyoyin suna ba da ƙarin damar inganta aiki da faɗaɗa aikace-aikacen micropowder na silicon carbide mai launin kore.
4. Manyan wuraren amfani da foda mai launin kore na silicon carbide
1. Daidaito niƙa da gogewa
A matsayin wani abu mai ƙarfi, ana amfani da ƙananan foda na silicon carbide mai launin kore a fannin sarrafa siminti, yumbu, gilashi da sauran kayayyaki. A cikin masana'antar semiconductor, ana amfani da foda na silicon carbide mai launin kore mai tsarki don goge wafers na silicon, kuma aikin yankewa ya fi na abrasives na gargajiya na alumina. A fannin sarrafa kayan gani, foda na silicon carbide mai launin kore zai iya cimma ƙaiƙayin saman nano kuma ya cika buƙatun sarrafawa na kayan gani masu inganci.
2. Kayan yumbu na zamani
Foda mai launin kore na silicon carbide muhimmin abu ne na kayan aiki don shirya yumbu mai inganci. Ana iya yin yumbu mai tsari mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar matsewa mai zafi ko hanyoyin haɗa sintering. Ana amfani da wannan nau'in kayan yumbu sosai a cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin kayan aiki kamar hatimin inji, bearings, da nozzles, musamman a cikin mawuyacin yanayi kamar zafin jiki mai yawa da tsatsa.
3. Na'urorin lantarki da na'urorin semiconductor
A fannin kayan lantarki, ana amfani da foda mai launin kore na silicon carbide don shirya kayan semiconductor masu faɗi. Na'urorin wutar lantarki da aka gina akan silinon carbide mai launin kore suna da halaye masu ƙarfi, ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, da kuma yanayin zafi mai yawa, kuma suna nuna babban iko a cikin sabbin motocin makamashi, grid mai wayo da sauran fannoni. Bincike ya nuna cewa na'urorin wutar lantarki na silicon carbide mai launin kore na iya rage asarar makamashi da fiye da kashi 50% idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin gargajiya na silicon.
4. Ƙarfafawa mai haɗawa
Ƙara foda mai launin kore na silicon carbide a matsayin matakin ƙarfafawa ga matrix na ƙarfe ko polymer zai iya inganta ƙarfi, tauri da juriyar lalacewa na kayan haɗin. A fagen sararin samaniya, ana amfani da haɗin silicon carbide na silicon da aka yi da aluminum don ƙera sassa masu sauƙi da ƙarfi; a masana'antar kera motoci, faifan birki da aka ƙarfafa na silicon carbide suna nuna juriya mai kyau ga zafin jiki.
5. Kayan da ke hana ruwa shiga da kuma shafa
Ta hanyar amfani da yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi na silikon kore, ana iya shirya kayan da ke hana ruwa shiga. A cikin masana'antar narkar da ƙarfe, ana amfani da tubalin da ke hana ruwa shiga na silikon carbide sosai a cikin kayan aiki masu zafi kamar tanderun fashewa da masu canza wutar lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, rufin silikon carbide na iya samar da kyakkyawan kariya daga lalacewa da tsatsa ga kayan tushe, kuma ana amfani da su a cikin kayan aikin sinadarai, ruwan wukake na turbine da sauran fannoni.