Nasarar foda na Alumina a cikin kayan bugawa na 3D
Tafiya zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje na Jami'ar Northwestern Polytechnic, wani wurin warkar da haskeFirintar 3D yana yin ƙara kaɗan, kuma hasken laser yana motsawa daidai a cikin yumbu. Bayan 'yan awanni kaɗan, an gabatar da wani core na yumbu mai tsari mai rikitarwa kamar maze gaba ɗaya - za a yi amfani da shi don jefa ruwan turbine na injunan jiragen sama. Farfesa Su Haijun, wanda ke kula da aikin, ya nuna sashin mai laushi ya ce: "Shekaru uku da suka gabata, ba mu yi ƙarfin halin yin tunani game da irin wannan daidaito ba. Babban nasarar ta ɓoye a cikin wannan foda na alumina mara ganuwa."
A da, yumburan alumina suna kama da "ɗalibin da ke da matsala" a fanninBugawa ta 3D- ƙarfi mai yawa, juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa, kyakkyawan rufin rufi, amma da zarar an buga shi, yana da matsaloli da yawa. A ƙarƙashin hanyoyin gargajiya, foda alumina ba shi da isasshen ruwa kuma sau da yawa yana toshe kan bugawa; ƙimar raguwa yayin siminti na iya kaiwa 15%-20%, kuma sassan da aka buga da ƙoƙari mai yawa za su lalace kuma su fashe da zarar an ƙone su; gine-gine masu rikitarwa? Har ma ya fi zama abin jin daɗi. Injiniyoyi suna cikin damuwa: "Wannan abu kamar mai fasaha mai taurin kai ne, tare da ra'ayoyi marasa kyau amma ba su da isassun hannaye."
1. Tsarin Rashanci: Sanya "sulke na yumbu" a kanaluminummatrix
Canjin ya fara ne daga juyin juya halin ƙira kayan aiki. A shekarar 2020, masana kimiyya na kayan aiki daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ƙasa (NUST MISIS) ta Rasha sun sanar da wata fasaha mai kawo cikas. Maimakon kawai haɗa foda na aluminum oxide, sun sanya foda na aluminum mai tsarki a cikin autoclave kuma sun yi amfani da iskar hydrothermal oxidation don "girma" wani Layer na fim ɗin aluminum oxide tare da kauri mai sarrafawa daidai akan saman kowane ƙwayar aluminum, kamar sanya Layer na sulke na matakin nano akan ƙwallon aluminum. Wannan foda na "tsarin harsashi" yana nuna aiki mai ban mamaki yayin bugawa na laser 3D (fasahar SLM): taurin ya fi na kayan aluminum tsantsa 40% girma, kuma kwanciyar hankali mai zafi yana inganta sosai, yana biyan buƙatun matakin jirgin sama kai tsaye.
Farfesa Alexander Gromov, shugaban aikin, ya yi wani misali mai kyau: “A da, kayan haɗin kai kamar salati ne – kowannensu yana kula da nasa aikin; foda ɗinmu kamar sanwici ne – aluminum da alumina suna cizon junansu a layi ɗaya, kuma babu wanda zai iya yin hakan ba tare da ɗayan ba.” Wannan haɗin kai mai ƙarfi yana ba da damar kayan ya nuna ƙwarewarsa a cikin sassan injin jirgin sama da firam ɗin jiki mai haske, har ma ya fara ƙalubalantar yankin ƙarfe na titanium.
2. Hikimar kasar Sin: sihirin "tsayawa" da tukwane
Babban abin da ke haifar da bugu na yumbu na alumina shine raguwar sintering - ka yi tunanin ka murƙushe siffar yumbu a hankali, kuma ya ragu zuwa girman dankali da zarar ya shiga tanda. Nawa zai faɗi? A farkon 2024, sakamakon da ƙungiyar Farfesa Su Haijun ta buga a Jami'ar Northwestern Polytechnical a cikin Mujallar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kayan Aiki ya haifar da masana'antar: sun sami kusan raguwar alumina ceramik core tare da raguwar kashi 0.3% kawai.
Sirrin shine a ƙarafoda na aluminumzuwa alumina sannan kuma kunna ainihin "sihiri na yanayi".
Sai a zuba foda na aluminum: A haɗa kashi 15% na foda na aluminum a cikin yumbun da aka yi da yumbu.
Sarrafa yanayi: Yi amfani da kariyar iskar argon a farkon sintering don hana foda aluminum daga yin oxidizing
Sauyawa mai wayo: Lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa 1400°C, ba zato ba tsammani canza yanayin zuwa iska
Iskar shaka a cikin wurin: Foda ta aluminum tana narkewa nan take ta zama digo sannan ta yi oxidize zuwa aluminum oxide, kuma faɗaɗa girma yana rage raguwar
3. Juyin juya hali: foda na aluminum ya zama "manne mara ganuwa"
Yayin da ƙungiyoyin Rasha da China ke aiki tuƙuru kan gyaran foda, wata hanyar fasaha ta girma cikin natsuwa - ta amfani da foda na aluminum a matsayin abin ɗaurewa.Bugawa ta 3DMasu ɗaurewa galibi resins ne na halitta, waɗanda za su bar ramuka idan an ƙone su yayin da ake cire mai. Haƙƙin mallakar ƙungiyar cikin gida ta 2023 ya ɗauki wata hanya daban: yin foda na aluminum ya zama abin ɗaurewa mai tushen ruwa47.
A lokacin bugawa, bututun fesawa daidai gwargwado yana fesa "manne" mai ɗauke da kashi 50-70% na foda na aluminum a kan layin foda na aluminum oxide. Idan ana maganar matakin rage mai, ana jan injin kuma ana wucewa da iskar oxygen, sannan ana haɗa foda na aluminum zuwa oxide a zafin 200-800°C. Halayyar faɗaɗa girma fiye da kashi 20% yana ba shi damar cika ramuka da ƙarfi da rage raguwar saurin zuwa ƙasa da kashi 5%. "Ya yi daidai da wargaza shingen da gina sabon bango a lokaci guda, cike ramukan ku!" wani injiniya ya bayyana hakan ta wannan hanyar.
4. Fasahar barbashi: nasarar foda mai siffar ƙwallo
"Bayyanar" foda alumina ta zama mabuɗin ci gaba ba zato ba tsammani - wannan bayyanar tana nufin siffar barbashi. Wani bincike a cikin mujallar "Open Ceramics" a cikin 2024 ya kwatanta aikin foda alumina mai siffar ƙwallo da mara tsari a cikin bugu mai haɗawa (CF³)5:
Foda mai siffar siffa: yana gudana kamar yashi mai kyau, yawan cikawa ya wuce kashi 60%, kuma bugu yana da santsi da siliki.
Foda mara tsari: manne kamar sukari mai kauri, danko ya ninka sau 40, kuma bututun ya toshe don shakku game da rayuwa
Mafi kyau ma, yawan sassan da aka buga da foda mai siffar ƙwallo cikin sauƙi ya wuce kashi 89% bayan an yi musu siminti, kuma ƙarshen saman ya cika ƙa'idar kai tsaye. "Wa har yanzu yana amfani da foda "mummuna" yanzu? Ruwan ruwa shine ingancin yaƙi!" Wani ƙwararren masani ya yi murmushi ya kammala da cewa5.
Nan gaba: Taurari da tekuna suna rayuwa tare da ƙanana da kyau
Juyin juya halin bugu na 3D na foda alumina bai ƙare ba. Masana'antar sojoji ta jagoranci amfani da ƙwanƙolin da ba su da ƙarfi don ƙera ruwan wukake na turbofan; fannin likitanci ya ɗauki salon da ya dace da yanayin halittu kuma ya fara buga abubuwan da aka dasa ƙashi na musamman; masana'antar lantarki ta yi niyya ga abubuwan da ke wargaza zafi - bayan haka, ba za a iya maye gurbinsu da yanayin zafi da kuma yanayin da ba na lantarki ba na alumina.