Duk wanda ya yi aiki a wurin gyaran yashi ya san cewa zaɓar matsewar da ta dace kamar likitan gargajiya na kasar Sin ne ke rubuta ganye - yana buƙatar yin la'akari da kyau da kuma daidaita matsewar da aikin da aka yi. Farin alumina, tare da tauri da ƙarfinsa, "tauraro ne" a duniyar matsewar yashi. Duk da haka, ƙila ba za ku san cewa ko da a cikin matsewar alumina da aka haɗa da farin ba, girman grit daban-daban yana haifar da sakamako daban-daban. A yau, bari mu yi magana game da wannan batu mai sauƙi amma mai rikitarwa game da rarraba girman grit.
I. "Mai kauri, Matsakaici, da Kyau": Tsarin Asali Mai Mataki Uku
Ƙwararrun masu fasa yashi galibi suna raba kansufarin alumina mai haɗeabrasives zuwa manyan rukuni uku: mai kauri, matsakaici, da kuma mai kyau. Wannan rarrabuwa tana kama da mai sauƙi, amma tana ɗauke da shekaru da yawa na ƙwarewa. Gaurayen mai kauri gabaɗaya yana nufin kewayon raga 20 zuwa raga 60. Menene ma'anar hakan? Yana nufin diamita na barbashi yana tsakanin milimita 0.85 zuwa milimita 0.25. Idan kun riƙe hannu ɗaya, za ku iya jin yanayin granular a sarari. Wannan nau'in abrasion yana da ƙarfin tasiri mai ƙarfi kuma ya dace da aikin "mai nauyi". Misali, tsaftace manyan siminti: saman simintin bayan zubawa an rufe shi da Layer na yashi mai ƙyalli da sikelin oxide, wanda yake da matuƙar tauri kuma yana buƙatar ƙarfin tasirin grit mai kauri. Tsohuwar Zhang a masana'antarmu sau da yawa tana cewa, "Don magance waɗannan saman 'masu taurin kai', dole ne ku yi amfani da grit mai kauri, kamar amfani da kushin ulu na ƙarfe don goge tukunya."
Matsakaicin grit yana tsakanin raga 80 da raga 180 (milimita 0.18 zuwa milimita 0.08), kuma shine mafi yawan amfani da shi "mai zagaye-zagaye." Kira shi "matsakaici" ba wai kawai yana nufin matsakaicin girman grit ɗinsa ba har ma da matsakaicin amfaninsa. Ba ya da "tashin hankali" kamar grit mai kauri ko kuma "mai laushi" kamar grit mai kauri. Don gyaran saman gini na ƙarfe, tsaftace walda, da cire tsatsa na wasu sassa na yau da kullun, matsakaicin grit shine zaɓi mafi kyau. Yana ba da tasirin maganin saman daidaitacce, yana tabbatar da tsabta ba tare da haifar da tsatsa mai yawa ba. Tsatsa mai kyau yana farawa daga raga 220 kuma yana ƙara kyau. Wannan nau'in gogewa yana da kyau sosai, yana jin kamar gari a taɓa. Kada ku raina shi saboda kyawunsa; aiki mai laushi ya dogara da shi. Don tsaftace saman simintin daidaitacce, goge mold, da kuma maganin wasu saman ado masu kyau, yashi mai kyau yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Mr. Li, shugaban sashen bitarmu wanda ke da alhakin sassan daidaitacce, yana da karin magana da ya fi so: "Yashi mai kauri yana warkar da cutar, yashi mai kyau yana ƙawata." Wannan ya nuna ƙa'idar sosai.
II. Ma'aunin Maki: Fiye da "Siffantawa" kawai
Idan ana maganar takamaiman ma'auni, mutane na iya tunanin cewa kawai batun amfani da sieves ne masu girman raga daban-daban. Wannan gaskiya ne, amma ba gaba ɗaya ba. Ma'aunin ƙasa (GB/T) da ƙa'idodin masana'antu suna da ƙa'idodi bayyanannu, kamar tsarin ma'auni daga F4 (mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa F1200 (mafi kyau). Kowane ma'auni ya yi daidai da kewayon rarrabawar girman barbashi mai tsauri. Duk da haka, a aikace, ƙwararrun ma'aikata kuma suna jaddada "daidaituwa." Me wannan ke nufi? Yana nufin cewa barbashi a cikin jaka ɗaya na yashi ya kamata ya zama kusan girman ɗaya. Idan akwai barbashi masu kauri da marasa kyau, tasirin saman bayan fashewa zai zama mara daidaituwa. Yashi mai kyau ya kamata ya sami lanƙwasa mai tsayi na rarrabawar barbashi, ba mai faɗi ba.
III. Yanayi Masu Amfani: Girman Barbashi Daban-daban Don Ayyuka daban-daban
Ana amfani da yashi mai kauri (rami 20-60) galibi a masana'antu masu nauyi. Baya ga tsaftace simintin da aka ambata a baya, yana da mahimmanci don kula da saman manyan gine-ginen ƙarfe kafin a fenti. Misali, gadoji, jiragen ruwa, da tankunan ajiya - waɗannan manyan gine-gine suna fuskantar yanayi a duk shekara, kuma saman su yana da kauri da tauri. Yashi mai kauri zai iya cire tsoffin rufi da tsatsa cikin sauri, yana fallasa ƙarfen. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yashi mai kauri yana da ƙarfin tasiri mai ƙarfi, don haka bai kamata a yi amfani da shi akan siririn ƙarfe ba, in ba haka ba zai iya lalacewa cikin sauƙi. Mun koyi wannan ta hanya mai wahala: sau ɗaya, mun yi amfani da yashi mai raga 40 don magance farantin ƙarfe mai kauri 3mm, kuma farantin ya ƙare yana kama da raƙuman ruwa, wanda ya tilasta mana mu goge shi mu sake farawa.
Yashi matsakaici (rami 80-180) yana da mafi yawan aikace-aikace. A masana'antar kera motoci, ana amfani da shi don yin gyaran allunan jikin mota kafin a fenti; a masana'antar matsi, don tsaftace walda kafin a gano lahani; da kuma a kera injina gabaɗaya, don ƙara girman sassan saman. Halayensa shine sauƙin amfani - yana ba da sakamako mai kyau na tsaftacewa kuma yana ƙirƙirar tsarin anga mai matsakaici (ƙananan kumbura da ramuka a saman), wanda ke da amfani don mannewa na rufi. Manajan samarwa a masana'antarmu yana amfani da kwatancen haske: "Yashi matsakaici kamar girki ne na gida - ba mafi tsafta ba, amma mafi gamsarwa kuma mafi yawan amfani."
An tanada yashi mai laushi (raga 220 zuwa sama) don ƙera daidai. Sassan daidai a masana'antar sararin samaniya, kayan aikin likita, da kuma yin yashi mai laushi na kayan lantarki masu inganci duk suna buƙatar yashi mai laushi. Yana iya sarrafa ƙaiƙayin saman (ƙimar Ra) zuwa ƙasa sosai yayin da yake cimma daidaiton matte iri ɗaya. A bara, mun yi amfani da yashi mai laushi na kayan aikin tiyata na kamfanin na'urorin likitanci ta amfani da yashi mai kauri 320. Bukatun sun yi yawa har sai an duba kayayyakin da aka gama a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi na haske, ba tare da an yarda da ƙyallen gani ko rashin daidaito ba. Liu, wanda ke kula da wannan aikin, ya damu sosai har yana rasa gashinsa. "Wannan ba yashi ba ne, wannan ɗinki ne," in ji shi da murmushi mai laushi.
IV. Fasahar Zaɓar Yashi: Haɗin Gwaninta da Kimiyya
Ta yaya za ka zaɓi girman grit ɗin da ya dace a aikace? Wannan ya ƙunshi lissafin kimiyya da kuma yanke hukunci mai kyau. Da farko, kana buƙatar la'akari da kayan aikin. Kayan aiki masu tauri za su iya amfani da yashi mai kauri, yayin da kayan aiki masu laushi (kamar sualuminumda kuma jan ƙarfe) suna buƙatar yashi mai kyau. Na biyu, yi la'akari da kauri na kayan aikin; ƙananan sassa bai kamata su yi amfani da yashi mai kauri ba. Na uku, yi la'akari da buƙatun saman ƙarshe. Don shafa, yi la'akari da kauri na shafa; don dalilai na ado, yi la'akari da kyawun. Sashen fasaha na masana'antarmu ya taƙaita wani abu mai sauƙi na tunawa: "Mai tauri da kauri, yi amfani da kauri; mai laushi da siriri, yi amfani da kyau; don ado, tafi mafi kyau; don mannewa, zaɓi matsakaici-mai kyau." Amma wannan abin tunawa kawai wurin farawa ne; takamaiman ayyuka suna buƙatar takamaiman bincike. Misali, don bakin ƙarfe, idan don maganin kayan aikin sinadarai ne na ciki na bango, ana iya amfani da yashi mai matsakaici don tsaftacewa cikin sauri; amma ga injinan abinci, yashi mai kyau yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da sauƙin tsaftacewa da tsaftacewa.
Masana'antu da yawa yanzu suna tallata "yashi ɗaya, takamaiman bayani ɗaya," wanda ke nufin kafamafi kyawun yashi mai ƙarfiBayanin sigogi na kowane samfuri, tare da zaɓin girman grit shine babban abu. Kafa wannan bayanin martaba yana ɗaukar lokaci, yana buƙatar maimaita gwaji, amma da zarar an kafa shi, zai zama kadara mai mahimmanci. Bayanin martaba da muka ƙirƙira don wani toshe silinda na injin mota ya nuna cewa amfani da raga 100-meshfarin yashi mai launin corundum, a matsin lamba na 0.5 MPa da nisan 200 mm, ƙaiƙayin saman ya cika buƙatun rufewa mafi kyau. An samo wannan bayanan bayan gwaje-gwaje sama da talatin. V. Kuskuren da Aka Yi Amfani da Su da Gargaɗi
Masu farawa sau da yawa suna yin kurakurai da yawa. Na farko shine kuskuren fahimta cewa "mafi kauri mafi kyau," suna ganin cewa maƙarƙashiya tana tsaftacewa da sauri. Duk da haka, maƙarƙashiya mai kauri fiye da kima na iya haifar da lalacewar saman, yana buƙatar gyara daga baya kuma a ƙarshe ɓata lokaci. Na biyu shine haɗa nau'ikan maƙarƙashiya daban-daban, wanda babban abin da ba a saba gani ba ne. Ko da maƙarƙashiya tana da lambar maki iri ɗaya, ainihin rarrabawar girman maƙarƙashiya na iya bambanta tsakanin maƙarƙashiya, wanda ke haifar da sakamakon maganin saman mara daidai. Na uku shine yin sakaci da adadin sau da aka sake yin amfani da maƙarƙashiya. Ana iya sake yin amfani da maƙarƙashiya mai farin corundum sau da yawa, amma tare da ƙaruwar amfani, maƙarƙashiya a hankali suna zama masu zagaye da kyau, suna rage ingancin tsaftacewa. Ƙwararrun masu fasaha za su iya yin hukunci ko maƙarƙashiya tana buƙatar maye gurbin ta hanyar sauti da launin rafin maƙarƙashiya.
Mai kula da taron bitarmu, Old Chang, sau da yawa yana cewa, "Grit kamar sojoji ne; kuna buƙatar fahimtar halayen kowane soja don cin nasarar yaƙin." Wannan magana mai sauƙi ce, amma mai zurfi. Rarraba girman barbashi na iya zama kamar siga mai sauƙi ta zahiri, amma yana haɗuwa da ilimi daga fannoni da yawa, gami da kimiyyar kayan aiki, injiniyan saman, da makanikan ruwa. Bambance-bambancen farin grit corundum, daga mai kauri zuwa mai kyau, kamar cikakken kayan aiki ne. Babban ƙwararren masani ba wai kawai yana amfani da kayan aiki ɗaya ko biyu ba, amma zai iya zaɓar "kayan aiki" mafi dacewa daidai bisa ga "yanayi" daban-daban. A wannan zamanin da ingancin saman ke ƙara zama mahimmanci, fahimta mai zurfi da amfani da ƙwarewa na rarraba girman barbashi ya zama ƙwarewa mai mahimmanci. Ba mai walƙiya ba ne, amma yana shafar ingancin samfura da tsawon rai. Wataƙila wannan shine ɗayan waɗannan "maɓallan da ba a iya gani" a masana'antu.